Penrose's Nobel victory : Light of Hope about Black Hole

 

When a large star (millions of times larger than our Sun, of course) falls under its own gravity, it forms into a black hole. It is so dense that it pulls towards itself everything that passes by its event horizon (the boundary surrounding the black hole). Even light cannot pass through it.

Event horizon replaces space over time and only moves forward. Over time, everything inside the black hole moves towards Singularity (the point of infinite density between black holes is called Singularity in English), where the density of black holes becomes infinite and time ends. It is also good to know that no conventional world theory works around the boundaries of singularity.

Sir Roger Penrose discovered a groundbreaking mathematical method for analyzing Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. He showed the topology using mathematical methods, the gravitational force of a collapsing large star would be so high that it would form a singularity. Singularity means unique. Such a unique situation does not exist anywhere else in the universe. The curvature of space-time in the singularity is so intense that Einstein's principle of general relativity no longer works there and it is freed from our universe.

Penrose proves that such singularity will be surrounded by an event horizon from which no light will come out. Penrose called it cosmic censorship. Even Albert Einstein, the father of relativity, did not believe that black holes could exist. But ten years after Einstein's death, Penrose proved that black holes can display their own characteristics.

In his next work in publishing this groundbreaking discovery paper in 1975, Penrose joined Stephen Hawking and gave an idea of ​​when Gravitational Singularity was created.

A common way to visualize a black hole is a two-dimensional (2D) sheet stretched into a funnel. Once you get to the bottom of it, you can no longer climb to the top. Now think of the funnel in a three-dimensional (3D) way like the picture, no matter where you throw the object, it falls inside at a central point. This point is what physicists call Singularity.

You can only identify black holes by their mass, electric charge and angular momentum. They all behave like elementary particles.

Albert Einstein's theory of relativity predicts that the curvature of space-time in a black hole becomes infinite in its singularity; However it is not physically possible. The above information proves that Einstein's theory is incomplete. Physicists think that in order to understand the singularity of their black holes, they must proceed with the quantum theory of gravitation.

Sir Penrose was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 after many years for putting this idea of ​​physicists into practice. Sir Penrose's Nobel victory took the modern physics in another level. So there is a light of hope about black hole to discover more. However, the main regret is that our Sir Jamal Nazrul Islam was also a contemporary of Penrose and Hawking and their contemporary astronauts. Maybe if he didn't come back to the country, we would see the Nobel Prize in Physics in his hands today. But I hope the future physicists of Bangladesh will bring a lot of success for the country.